~ Er. Chhungpuia Renthlei, Senior Technical Officer, NIELIT Aizawl

KYC hi enge a nih?

KYC hi sawrkar leh sum leh pai enkawltu (Bank/NBFC) ten an hnuaia in-register-te nihna dik tak (identity) an hriat chianna atana hmanrua a ni. KYC chu Know Your Customer (I customer-te hre chiang rawh) tihna a ni. Sawrkar leh sum leh pai enkawltu (Bank/NBFC) ten an hnuaia in-register-te nihna dik tak (identity) an hriat chianna hmanrua leh an customer ngei a ni tih an finfiah hmanrua a ni.

KYC leh e-KYC danglamna: 

KYC : KYC tihdan hlui (Traditional KYC) tiin an vuah. Document leh a hmuna tih a ni thin. Kan in registerna hnenah thlalak (passport size) leh document pawimawh (Voter ID, Aadhaar, PAN e.t.c) te Xerox copy kan pe thin. Mizoramah chuan kum 10 kal ta vel khan bank account kan hawn dawnin form kan fill-up a, kan thlalak leh ID proof photocopy kan pe thin. KYC (Traditional) hi Paper, photocopy leh thlalak hard copy ngei nen Office-ah kal a ngai a, an lo tibo thei bawk. Document buaipuina leh office kal kualna ah hun leh sum a hek thin hle. KYC concept hi 2002 khan India ramah buatsaih a ni. Kum 2002 khan a vawi khatna atan Reserve Bank of India (RBI) chuan bank-te hman turin hriattirna a chhuah a. Kum 2004–2005 khan bank account thar leh hlui zawng zawng tan KYC tihmakmawh (compulsory) a lo ni ta a, ram pumah financial system atan hman a ni.

e-KYC: Tunlaia kan hman e-KYC hi Electronic KYC tihna a ni. KYC nen thuhmun tho, mahse digital-a kalpui a ni thung. A hranpa a office kal a ngai lo. Mahni phone / Computer atanga reilo te chhunga awlsam taka zawk a  Aadhaar, OTP leh Biometrics hmanga tih theih theih a ni. Pawisa sen a ngailova, a thlawnin a tih theih deuh vek. Aa­dhaar number hmangin kan nihna (Identity) computer-ah an finfiah a. Fingerprint (biometric) emaw, phone-a OTP (One Time Password) rawn thleng hmangin computer-in kan nihna a lo confirm mai thin. Hei hian paper-work , sum leh hun a ti tlem a, a chak zawk bawk. Tunlaia Mizoramah Ration Card e-KYC kan tih mek hi a entirna tha tak a ni. Supply godown ah emaw, retailer hnenah emaw kan fingerprint (zungpui) kan nem a, kan hming a rawn lang a, kan e-KYC chu a dik (verify) tihna a ni. e-KYC hi September 2013 khan hman tan a ni. UIDAI (Aadhaar siamtute) chuan he technology thar hi an duang chhuak a. Bank zingah chuan Axis Bank hi India rama hmang hmasaber (pioneer) an ni.

Eng dan (Act) hnuaiah nge a awm?

KYC hi dan pakhat chauh hnuaiah a awm lo. A innghahna dan te chu: Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA): Sum thiang­hlim lo khuahkhirhna dan. Hei hi KYC hman a nihna chhan bulpui ber a ni. Banking Regulation Act, 1949: He dan hmang hian RBI chuan bank zawng zawngte KYC kalpui ngei ngei turin thu a pe. Aadhaar Act, 2016: Kan Aadhaar card hmanga awlsam taka e-KYC kan tih theihna a ni.

Eng vanga tul ta viau nge a nih?

India sawrkar leh Mizoram sawrkarin e-KYC uar taka an kalpui chhan hi chhan tha tak tak a awm :

1. Duplicate/Fake nuaibo nan:I ndia ramah hian mi pakhatin hming hrang hrang hmanga Ration Card eng emaw zat neih/lak an ching thin. e-KYC (Aadhaar) hmang hi chuan i zungpui kha i neih chhun a nih avangin mi dang hmingin eitur emaw, subsidy emaw i la thei lo thung.

2. Ram venhimna (Security):SIM card-te hi e-KYC lova hralh a nih chuan, misualten an thalawng hman nan an hmang thei a. e-KYC hian SIM card neitu dik tak a hriat theih phah a ni.

3. Dawngtu tur dik takin pawisa an dawn theih nan(DBT): Mizoramah PM-Kisan ( Lonei mite tanpuina) dawng tu dik tak hnenah pawisa a thlen theih nan.

4. A awlsam (Efficiency):Mizoram ang tlangramah office pan a harsa ṭhin a. e-KYC hmang hian thingtlang kilkhawra awm pawhin internet hmangin an identity an verify thei a ni.

Hriat tur pawimawh te: 

India ram pumah KYC (Know Your Customer) hi kan buaipui nasa hle. A bik takin Ration Card leh Gas-a e-KYC tih chungchangah mipui kan phe buai hle. Mizoram chhungah Eng vangin nge kan tih ngei ngei a ngaih a, khawiah te nge a pawimawh tih i lo thlir teh ang u.

1. Bank leh Sum leh Pai Enkawlna (Banking Sector): Bank account i neih a, i hman chhunzawm reng dawn chuan KYC hi tih makmawh (mandatory) a ni. Mi dangin i hming a account lo hawn emaw, i account lo hman sak emaw an tumna (Identity Theft) lakah a veng che a. Chu chauh ni lovin, ram pawn atanga pawisa thianghlim lo (Money Laundering) rawn luh kawng a dang bawk. KYC i update loh chuan i bank account an kharkhip (freeze) thei a, pawisa i la chhuak thei lovin i transfer thei hek lo vang.

2. Eirel Gas (LPG Subsidy): Tun hnaia Mizoram mipui min tibuai bertu pakhat chu Gas e-KYC hi a ni. Sawrkarin Gas subsidy hi a nih tur dik tak, a neitu dik tak hnen a thlen ngei a ni tih finfiah nan a hmang a. Mi pakhatin gas connection pahnih-pathum a neih loh nan leh, mi thi tawh hminga connection la awm rengte nuaibo nan a pawimawh hle.  e-KYC i tih loh chuan i Gas subsidy i dawng thei dawn lo a, a hnu deuhvah i connection pawh tih thih (deactivate) a ni thei bawk.

3. Ration Card (Public Distribution System - PDS): One Nation One Ration Card scheme hnuaiah e-KYC hi India ram pumah tih ngei ngei tur a ni. Ration card-a hming chuang zawng zawngte kan nihna dik tak (Aadhaar hmangin) finfiah a ni a. Mizo mipui, a bik takin chhungkaw harsa zualten an chanvo dik tak an chan theih nan leh mi diklo ten an lo ei sak loh nan KYC hi a pawimawh hle. Mizoram ah pawh Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs Department te chuan e-KYC hi buaipui mek reng a ni.

4. Phone SIM Card leh Internet: SIM card thar kan lak reng rengin e-KYC hmanga Aadhaar nena thlunzawm a ngai. Ram venhimna (National Security) atana tih a ni a. Misual leh firfiakten midang identity hmanga SIM card lain thil sual an tih loh nan thunnuxtu pawimawh a ni.

5. Sawrkar Scheme-te (PM-Kisan, MGNREGA, etc.): Loneitu (Farmers) ten PM-Kisan pawisa an dawn nan te, inhlawhfa (MGNREGA) pawisa dawn nan te KYC hi a ngai vek tawh a. A dawngtu tur hnena directa pawisa pekna (Direct Benefit Transfer - DBT) hmanrua a ni. 

Tlangkawmna:

KYC hi thil tha leh sawrkarin dan anga a phut a nih rualin, kan account password leh identity ruk nan bum hmang (scammers) ten phone call leh SMS hmangin mi tam tak an bum thin. "Gas agency atangin kan rawn bia che a, i e-KYC tih nan i OTP rawn thawn rawh," tiin an phone a. Hei hi Phone Call Scam an vuah. Tin, Bank emaw, Gas company emaw hming lem hmang­in Link (e.g., bit.ly/kyc-update) an siama, SMS an thawn thin. Bank, Sorkar leh company te hian SMS leh Phone call hmangin tumah data pawimawh OTP an dil ngailo tih hi kan hre reng tur a ni. 

Hetiang hi kan dawng anih chuan reject a, block nghal hmiah tur. Tihfel ngai a awm chuan Agency-ah kal emaw, an official App (e.g., IndianOil One) atanga chinfel zel a tha. OTP leh Aadhaar information hi phone-a rawn diltu che mi hriat loh (scammer) hnenah hrilh ngai suh. e-KYC chu i duh vanga i tih (Request) chauhva tih tur a ni a, an rawn call vut vut che a nih chuan Bumna (Fraud) a ni ngei ngei thin. KYC leh e-KYC hi mipui tih­hrehawmna tura ni lo. Kan sum leh pai leh kan chanvo (Ration, Gas, Scheme) te a dawngtu turdik tak hnena a thlen theihna tura sawrkar hmalakna a ni. Hmasawnna kawng kan zawh mek lai hian kan himna atana heta fimkhurna tur kan tar lante hi vawng reng ang u.