David C. Lalfakawma

Mizo thufing chuan “Lungpui pawh lungtein a kamki loh chuan a awm theilo” a ti a. Leilung leh a chhunga thil awm zawng zawngte hi inmamawh tawna inpengtawn, inei tawn a, inchawm tawn kan ni a; thilnung pawh, thilnunglo pawh inkamki a, inring tawn kan ni. Kan inkamki-na lungte hi pheha a awm chuan din ngil a harsa a, nghet taka din phei chu a hautak lehzual a ni. Thilsiam hrang hrang te leh an chenna hmun te a lo chereu-a, inchawm tawn theiloa an lo awm a, an inkamki-na pheha a awm hian harsatna leh buaina chi hrang hrang a lo awm thin a, chu chu “ecological balance buai” kan tih chu a ni a, chu chu ‘Ecological Crisis’ bulpui chu a ni.

Ecological balance a buai tih tawngkam hi kan hman uar pawl tak a nih avangin inthlahrung lo takin kan hmang chhunzawm zel ang. Ecology tawngkamah chuan heng thilsiam hrang hrang te inlaichinna tihbuaia a awm hian “disturbance” an ti a, heng tibuaitu hi chhan hrang hrang avanga awm thei a ni a, hlawm lian tak pahnih – Khuarel kalphung leh mihringte khawsak phung vang tiin a sawi theih bawk. Ecological balance buai avanga harsatna kan tawh chhoh mek langasar tak mai chu ‘Climate change,’sik leh sa danglam hi a ni.

Climate Change – Sik leh sa danglam
Leiin ni a helna kawngah leh a vir kual dan (rotation and revolution) avangin ni zung a dawn zat te, a dawn hun chhung te a danglam hret hret avangte pawhin lei hi lum chho telh telh a, chu chu erawh khuarel kalphung pangngai a ni a, a muang a, thilsiam dangte pawhin a danglam tih an hriat tham loh khawpa muang a ni thung. Industrial Revolution hnulama khawvel sik leh sa danglam chhoh dan erawh mihring te khawsak dan phung hrang hrang avanga khawvel tilum thei thil “Greenhouse gas” an tih mai a lo pun tak chiam avang te, sik leh vawngtu pawimawh ramngaw a lo chereu zel avang tein khuarel kalphung piahlam aia chakin khawvel a lo lum chho ta zel a, chu chuan thilsiam chi hrang hrangteah nghawng lian tak a nei chho ta zel a ni.

Sik leh sa danglam avanga harsatna awm thei te
Sik leh sa danglam chak lutuk avanga kan tawrh theih hrang hrang a awm a, chung zingah chuan khawvel lum chho zel avanga natna leh hri chi hrang hrang lo hluar zel te, khaw-chin mumallo, ruahtui insem ruallo, thlipui na tak tak tleh fo thin te, thal na tak te leh ni sa ta lutuk te, tuifinriat chim chin sang zel te bakah thildang tam tak a awm awm e. Tun tumah hian thil chi hnih lek kan thlir ho dawn a ni.

1. Dam khawchhuahna kawngah Mizoram hi tlangram a ni a, ruahtui dawng ram kan ni bawk. Kan thlawhhmaa thlai kan chin te hi ruahtui (Monsoon)-in a chawm len a ni a; thlawhhma enkawltu tam ber innghahna chu ruahtui a ni. Luitui lak pêna thlai chawmna tur nei aiin neilo an tam zawk a, chutiang tihrema awm chu a tlem zawk an ni bawk. Hei vang hian Mizoram hi sik leh sa inthlak danglam chak lutuk tuar nasa tur zinga ngaih kan ni a.

Kum 2017-a ruah sur tam lutuk avanga nasa taka lian a, a kuanga luangliam hial kha kum 2021-ah chuan a kangchat ti tih der mai. Chhan hrang hrang awm thei zingah kum 2020-a ruahtui tlak dan insem ruallo te, a tla chhun pawh leilung kan hman dan (Land Use System) avanga luangral nasa lutukin leihnuai tui – tuihna (Ground water) a siam tawk loh vang a ni tih chiang takin a hriat theih.

Kan thlawhhmaa thlai thar a chhiat a, hawpkhawp pawh kan thar loh a, tuikhur leh lui tui a kang chah hlauh chuan buai namênloin kan buai dawn tih a chiang reng mai. Leilung enkawl dan tha zawk, daihrei zawk kan ngaihtuah a ngai a, hmasawnna – sum leh pai zawnga hlawkna ringawt nilo, thilsiam tinreng – nunna nei leh neilo te inkamki tawnna phet lo zawnga hmasawnna kan mamawh tak zet a ni.

2. Climate Change Refugee
Sik leh sa danglamin a tihbuai avanga hmun tha zawk zawng te, mahnia zawn ngaihna hrelo a, teirawlai te, an damkhawchhuahna tur a nih phawt chuan ramriin a phuar ve loh mi engemawzat an awm chho zel dawn tihna a ni a. Mizoram hi chu’ng raltlante avanga tuar nasa thei ber te zinga mi chu kan ni. Sorkar leh Kohhran pawh he’ng lo hmachhawn a, beih let a tul pawha bei let tura tun atanga inbuatsaih chhoh a tul viau.

Sik leh sa danglam engtia hmachhawn tur nge?
Tuihna humhalh kan tlangaupui a, ram pum huapa hma kan lak mêk lai hian tuihna tibuai thei thlai leh thing chawk luh kan la tum fo mai hi ngaihtuah ngun a ngai khawp mai. Chutiang bawkin Pathianin he rama a dahsa thing leh mau, thlai leh nungchate duhkhawp lova ramdanga mi, exotic species an tih mai, kan lakluh fo hian kan rama awmsa, thil nung leh nunglo te inlaichinna leh inkamkina a su buai thei a ni tih kan hriatchian a pawimawh hle bawk. Kil hrang hrang atanga uluk taka zirbingna neih a nih hnua an hmuhchhuah dan a zira bawhzui chauh ni thin se la chuan sik leh sa danglam kan tawrh dan pawh hi a zia awm ngei ang.

Tunlaia sik leh danglam chak dan hi mithiam thenkhatte chuan ‘abrupt climate change’ tiin an sawi deuh kher thin. Hei vang hian khawvel sik leh sa danglam chak lutuk tuar dai a, than hnan (adapt) thei turin nungchate leh hnim leh thlai te hi an insiamrem ve hman lo a ni ber a, hemi dolet theihna kawng awlsam ber chu thilsiam tinreng te inkamkina siamthat (Ecosystem Restoration) a ni. Ecosystem Restoration pawimawh zia hi hriaiin UN chuan kum 2021 – 2030 hi ‘Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’-ah a puang hial a ni.

Ecosystem Restoration hian a tum ber chu thilsiam tinrengte inkamkina siamthat a ni a. Thingphun vak vak ringawt lam nilovin ngaw awmna thina ngaw a lo awm theihna tura hmalak te, thlaler hmun chu a nih anga awmtir leh te, ngaw leh thlaler, tuipui leh tuifinriat, vur ram leh tlangram, phaizawl leh luia thilsiam chi hrang hrang – nunna nei leh neilo te inkamkia, inlaichinna leh inrintawnna tih nun thar leh a ni. Hemi tihlawhtling tur a kawng pawimawh hmasa ber chu tualto thing leh mau, thlai leh nungcha humhalh-a tihpun a ni a, hmundang atanga lakluh leh chi thar lakluh lam chu a hawi lem lo.

Tlangkawmna
Hmalatu an awm loh a, an kal dan ngairenga an kal chuan a nghawng tur chu nasa tak a ni lawi si. Hei vang hian mahni phak tawka, tlem lua awmlovin – heng harsatna lo thleng thei hmachhawn tura kan inbuatsaih sauh sauh a ngai a, Kohhran te pawhin a mite a zirtir a, a buatsaih ve zel a ngai a ni. Ei leh bar zawn dan kawng thianghlim leh hrisel (sustainable) zawk, hmasawnna ziktluak (sustainable development) nei thei tur a inzirtir leh ke pen a pawimawh zel dawn bawk, chutiang chu duh a, ram roreltute laka beisei tur pawhin Kohhran mite inzirtir a pawimawh hle bawk. Pathianin enkawl tura min pêk kan ram leilung leh a chhunga nungchate chunga kan mawhphurhna hlen tura nasa leh zuala kan inzirtir a pawimawh tak zet a ni. Leilung leh a chhunga thil awm zawng zawng te hi bul thuhmun, siamtu thuhmun – inmamawh tawn theuh, dingchhuak tura kamtu mamawh theuh kan ni; kan inkamkina hi pheha a awm lohna turin kan mawhphurna kan hlen a pawimawh tak zet a ni.