Indian parliament chuan an rorelna in hniam zawk leh state assembly-a hmeichhiate tan seat awm hmun thuma thena hmun khat hauhna tur bill a pawm ta.

Dan thar tur hi rorelna inah pawm ni tawh mah se a taka hman hun erawh a la rei deuh tura ngaih a ni a, an ramah chhiarpui neih phawt leh bial ramri rin that hmasak hnuah chauh a nih hmel a. Heng thil pahnih tifel tur hian kum eng emaw zat a ngai ang.

Nilaini khan rorelna in hniam zawk, Lok Sabha-ah Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam (Saluting Women Power Act) hi rei tak sawiho a nih hnuah MP 456 zinga 454-in thlawpin an pawm.

Ningani khan rorelna in sang zawk, Rajya Sabha-ah sawiho veleh niin lungrual takin an pawm leh bawk.

Tunah chuan dan atana pawm turin president-in a pawmpui chauh a ngai tawh a, hei hi chu dan anga tih mai thin a ni a, dan a ni thuai tawh dawn tihna a ni.

Hmeichhiate tana rorelna ina seat hauhsakna tur hi kum tam tak khel a lo ni tawh a, pawm a ni ta hi sorkar pawhin ‘chhinchhiahtlak’ tiin a sawi a. Prime Minister Narendra Modi chuan hei hian ‘hmeichhiate chu nasa taka chawi kangin kan politics-ah tam zawkin an tel ve theihna tur a ni’ tih a sawi.

Hetih lai hian eptu politician-te chuan  a hman tan hun tur ‘a tichiang lo’ chuan ‘Indian hmeichhe maktaduai telin beiseina an neih a phatsan’ niin an sawi ve thung.

A rang thei ang bera hman a duh thu Congress president hlui, Sonia Gandhi-i chuan, “Eng tianga rei nge an nghah ang - kum hnih, kum li, kum riat maw?” tiin a zawt.

Dan thar turah eng nge awm?
Bill hi dan atana hman a nih hnuah chuan Lok Sabha, state assembly leh khawpui ber, sorkar laipui awpna hnuaia awm, Delhi-ah chuan seat awm zat hmun thuma thena hmun khat chu hmeichhiate tan hauh a ni ang.

Dan thar tur hian tuna hman mek, India-a hnam hnufual, Scheduled Caste leh Scheduled Tribe tana hauh thin pawh a la tel vek dawn a. Lok Sabha-ah hian member 545 awm theihnaah 131 chu hmeichhia an ni dawn tihna a ni a, state assembly-ah phei chuan sang chuang an awm belh dawn tihna a ni.

Dan thar atana pawm tak hi kum 15 chhung atana hman phawt tura tih a ni a, parliament vekin a bak chu a tul a tih angin a pawt sei thei ang.

Parliament-in khawi bial nge hmeichhiate tana hauhsak tur tih chu a tifel ang a, a chhawk (rotate)-in bial hrang hrangah a kal kual dawn bawk a ni.

Hmeichhia tam thei lo
India hi tun leh tun hma pawhin politics-a hmeichhia an awm theihna tura kawng dap reng thin a. Prime minister atan hial pawh kum 1966 lo nei tawhin political party lian tak takte pawh hmeichhiain an lo hruai fo tawh.

Tunah pawh state lian tak takah hmeichhe chief minister an awm a, sorkar laipui leh state sorkarah pawh ministry lian tak tak pawh an kutah a awm fo va. Ram hotu ber atan pawh hmeichhia nei tawhin tunah President Droupadi Murmu-i a awm mek.

Pew Research Center-in nikuma zirchianna a neihah chuan Indian tam zawkin ‘hmeichhia leh mipate chu politics hruaitu atan an that dan a inang reng,’ an ti a. Inthlanpui hnuhnung berah pawh mipa nen vote thlak zat an inang reng bawk.

Hetiang a nih mek lai hian parliament leh state rorelna inah erawh hmeichhia ‘an tam lo’ tih theih a ni thung.

PRS Legislative Research-a senior analyst Tushar Chakrabarty chuan Lok Sabha hmasa ber, kum 1952 khan hmeichhe MP 5% chauh awmin kum 2019-ah kha chuan 15% an ni tawh a, a la tlem hle tho tih a sawi a. Legislative assembly-ah pawh PRS hian hmeichhe MLA chu 9% chuang awrh chauh niin a tar lang.

“Hmeichhe zat hi a pung chak lo tih kan hmu a. Rorelnaina hmeichhia an tam ve loh chuan thutlukna siama an theihna neihin awmzia a nei phak lo tihna,” a ti.

India hi UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women pawmtu an ni a, hmeichhia leh mipaten politics-a chanvo inang an neih theihna duhtu a nih angin he dan hmanga chet lak hi an mamawh niin Chakrabarty chuan a sawi bawk.

Kum 27 chhung thu kal tawh
India-ah hian hmeichhiaten politics-a thiltihtheihna an neih tam ve theih dan tur hi kum tam tak sawiho leh khel a lo ni tawh.

Kum 30 dawn liam taah khan parliament hian ram danpui tidanglamin village council leh khawpui rorelna, municipal corporation-ah hmeichhiate tan seat 33% hauhsak a lo ni tawh.

Hetianga parliament leh state assembly-a thil kalpui ve tur hian a vawi khat nan kum 1996 khan khatih laia Prime Minister HD Deve Gowda-a kaihhruai sorkar khan rorelna inah a lo pu lut tawh a. Kum 1998, 1999 leh 2008-ah te put luh nawn leh a ni tawh bawk.

Heng hunah hian eptu political party hrang hrangten an duh loh nasat thin avangin a tlang ngai lo va, heng zingah hian BJP MP-te pawh an tel thin.

Tun tuma bill pharh leh a nih takah erawh Modi-a kaihhruai BJP sorkar hian a hmaa lo sorkar tawh leh pharh tawhtute thlawpna dawngin eptu lian, Congress ngei pawhin an duh a nih avangin a tlang ta a ni.

Parliament-a sawihona kha
Rorelna in hniha rorel lai lamtang speaker ve ve chuan parliament-a bill a tlang tak avangin prime minister an fak.

“Hmeichhiate himna, zahawmna leh politics-a an tel vena hi Prime Minister Modi-a sorkar nawr kaltu a ni,” tiin Home Minister Amit Shah pawhin a sawi.

Party tinte chu thlawp tura sawmin, bill hi ‘tha taka bul tan a ni’ a ti a, a tul chuan tihhmasawn zel a nih tur thu a sawi bawk.

Eptu party thenkhat chuan Other Backward Class (OBC) an tih, Scheduled Caste leh Scheduled Tribe-a tel si lo leh Muslim hmeichhiate tan seat hauhsak ve an phut a, chhiarpui lo awm leh turah caste survey neih an phut bawk a; mahse, heng an duhna hi hnawlsak an ni thung.

Lok Sabha-a buk a nih laia duh lotu MP pahnih zinga pakhat zawk, Asaduddin Owaisi chuan tuna kalpui dan turah hi chuan hnam thaa hmeichhiate hamthatna tur mai mai chauh niin an sawi.

Engtik atangin nge hmeichhia an tam ang?
Bill hi pawmin dan atan hman ni nghal dawn mah se parliament leh state assembly-a a taka kalpui erawh a la hlat deuh a rinawm.

Shah chuan chhiarpui, kum 2021-a neih tur, hripui avanga neih theih tak loh chu nakuma inthlanpui zawhah neih theih ngei a tiam a. Hei hi ni pawh ni sela mihring tluklehdingawn 1.4 zet chhiar chhung hian kum eng emaw zat a awh dawn tho niin mi thiamte chuan an sawi.

Chhiarpui neih zawhah hian bial then thar, ‘delimitation’ leh phawt tur a ni dawn a, hei hi bial tina mihring cheng (voter) zat inrualkhai thei ang tura bial ramri siam that tihna a ni a. Ram chhung hmun hrang hrangah mihring pun chak zawng a inthlauh thin avangin bial khatin voter an nei teuhin bial dangin an thlau viau thei a, delimitation hmang hian hei hi siam rual a ngai thin.

Eng pawh ni sela, hmeichhiate tana seat hauhsak hi a tak taka hman tur chuan kum tam a la ngai dawn tih a chiang a. Parliament leh assembly bial then hnuhnung ber pawh kha a thentu, delimitation panel-in an peih fel meuh chu kum nga lai a nih thu mi pakhat chuan a sawi nghe nghe.