• Lalnunmawia Pachuau

Ni 27th August, 2025-ah Mizoram Assembly House-ah India ram puma ram­ngaw humhalhna dan thar Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 (FCAA 2023) chu Mizoram State-a hman ve turin adopted a lo ni ta a. Sawiseltu leh dodaltu te awm nak nak mahse kan ramah he dan hi hman a ni ve dawn ta a ni. 

Kum 2023 MNF Ministry hun lai khan FCAA, 2023 hi Official Resolution hmangin Mizoram Assembly House-ah dated 22nd August, 2023 khan dodala hnawl a ni tih kha kan la hre vek awm e. Official Resolution meuha kan hnawl a nih chuan he dan FCAA 2023 hi kan State-ah a applicable/enforceable tawh lo turah kan ngai tawh a ni. Mahse dan ang thlapin a hnawltu Ministry khan an lo hnawl phal lo nge ni, dan anga nemnghehna turin action an lo la reng reng lo mai a, ngawi rengin tun thlengin kan hmang (enforce) chhunzawm char char tih hi mi nawlpui hian kan hrethiam pha kher awm lo e.

Forest Clearance pekchhuahna dan dang kan nei lo: 

FCAA, 2023 kha official resolution-a kan hnawl hnu ah kha chuan kan State-ah kan hmang thei lo hlawm tawp ang tih kha mi nawlpui ngaihdan a ni ngei ang. Amaherawhchu, kan dodal bur bur dan thar, FCAA, 2023 chungchangah khan ngaihtuah hmaih kan nei niin a lang a, chu kan ngaihtuah hmaih chu kan ram chhunga project lian thawhna ah eng dan hnuai atangin nge Fo­rest Clearance kan demand ang a, eng dan hnuaiah nge kan pekchhuah ang tih kha kan lo ngaihtuah thleng pha lo niin a lang.

Mizoram State-ah Central Project lian tak tak an lo kalpui rup rup mai si a, kan ramngaw an tihchereu siamthar lehna tur atana pawimawh ber Forest Clearance kan demand rup rup a. Hetih lai hian Forest Clearance pekchhuah theihna provision inbilhna ber FCAA 2023 kha kan hnawl bawk si a, kan laklawh ta a nih kha. Central dan leh State dan siam dangah Forest Clearance dilna leh pekchhuah theihna provision a awm miau loh vangin Forest Clearance demand-na atana kan Dan vauchher ber chu FCAA 2023 tho hi a ni. 

Dan hlui Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 kha amended a ni tawh a, a provision leh objective tihdanglam a ni vek tawh a, dan thar FCAA 2023 hian a luahlan (supersede) vek tawh a ni. A principal act, Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 title pawh Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980 tia thlak a ni tawh bawk. 

FCAA 2023 kan adopted duh lo a nih chuan a Principal Act, Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980 leh Forest (Conservation) Amendment Rules, 2023 hi kan hmang ve thei lo tihna a ni a, Forest Clearance pekchhuahna ber FCAA 2023 kan hnawla, kan adopt miau loh vang­in Forest Clearance hi kan rama project hnathawhna ah kan demand thei lo a, kan pekchhuah ve thei lo tihna a ni. 

FCAA 2023 kan lo hnawl phal tak tak lo!

MNF Sawrkar laia Assembly House dawhkan chum bur bura Official Resolution-a kan hnawl tâk FCAA, 2023 kha a tak tak ramah erawh kan lo hnawl phal reng reng lo hi a lo ni a! Official Resolution kha dan ang thlapa pawmpui a nihna turin Mizoram Sawrkar (Executive) lamah Mizoram Assembly House hian a copy a pechhuak tur a ni a. Rules 137 of Rules of Procedure & Conduct of Business in Mizoram Legislative Assembly-in a phût angin Official Resolution copy hi Government of Mizoram hnenah forward-in dan anga tihpuitlinna (statutory effects) a nihna turin Executive lamain action la in an lo bawhzui a ngai a, Gazette a ngai ti ila a fiah ber awm e. Central sawrkar hnenah pawh an thlen ngei ngei tur a ni. Mahse hmalakna an lo nei lo nia sawi a ni bawk.

Mizoram Assembly House-in a pass tawh, FCAA 2023 dodalna leh hnawlna Official Resolution hi Government of Mizoram (Executive) lamah khan a copy kha forward a ni ta lo nge, sawrkar khan action a la ta lo nge, Central lamah pawh a hriattir lo nge, Gazette-ah publish a ni ta miah lo mai a. An publish phal lo nge ni a, San hnawl leh phal tak tak lo tih kha zawhna pawimawh ber a ni ta a ni.

Khatia Official Resolution hmanga FCAA, 2023 kan hnawl bur bur lai khan Mizoram châk lakluhna kawng pawimawh ber Vairengte to Sairang kawng NH 306 & 6 Four Lane Project leh hmun dangah National Highways laihzauh hna Central sawrkarin a lo kalpui chho chur chur tih kan hre vek awm e. Hetianga kan rama project lian kalpui a nih chhoh mek lai hian FCAA 2023 dodal nasa ber tu te khan, ‘Ram­ngaw humhah a pawimawh, Forest Clearance lak a ngai, Forest Clearance tel lo chuan hna a thawh theih loh’ tiin thawm an chhuah leh ta tlat thung a! Forest Clearance demand bawk si, Forest Clearance pekchhuahna dan ber dodal bawk si! An thusawi khawi lai ber nge hlin tur tih kha man thiam a har ta em em mai a, sawrkar hotu te tan pawh luhai bûr na tham a ni. ‘Ka ngaihdan hi ka duhdan a ni lo’ kan ti hlawm ta ni berin a lang..

FCAA 2023 in a hrinchhuah Rules 9 of Forest (Conservation) Amendment Rules, 2023 hnuaiah hian Forest Clearance (In Principal Approval) pekchhuahna provision a awm a, he dan FCAA, 2023 hi kan adopted a nih loh chuan Forest Clearance hi kan pechhuak thei lo tihna a ni. 

Mizoram Forest Act, 1955 hnuaiah te, India ram dan dang Central Act dangah te Forest Clearance pekchhuah theihna provision a awm miau loh vangin MNF sawrkar laia Official Resolution hmanga hnawl a nih hnuah khan, ngawi rengin he dan hnuaiah hian Forest Clearance kan pechhuak chhunzawm reng a, kan lo mamawh em vangin kan lo hmang chhunzawm reng tih hi kan hriat tlan a tha awm e.. 

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980-ah khan Forest area thliarfelna awm lo..

Forest dan hlui zawk, Forest Conservation Act, 1980-ah khan Forest area chin diktak kha hriat­thiam a har hle. Forest area, Forest Clerance dil ngaihna hmun bik kha chiang taka bithliah a awm loh vangin Godaverman Case-a Supreme Court thlirna (interpretation) leh thuthukna a siam angin Forest Clearance chungchangah forest area hrilh­fiahna atan leh tanchhan bera neih a ni ta thin a ni.

Forest area chin thliarfel thlipthlepna awm loh vang hian India ram pumah Project tamtak kalpuina kawngah harsatna tamtak a thlen phah a, a sukuk phah fo a, he mi vang hian Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023 pawh hi a lo piangchhuak ti ila kan sawisual lo ang. Godavarman Case-a forest awmzia interpretation chungchang hi FCAA 2023 an pass-na tur Bill, Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023, Para 3-na ah pawh an lo tarlang nghe nge.

Godavarman Case hi Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023-a an mention chhan ber chu ‘Forest’ hrilhfiahna chiang tak leh thliar hranna specific tak a awm lo a, Reserved Forest area mai ni lo, mimal ram leh Government non-forest land te an huamtir vek van g­in Forest Conservation Act, 1980 provision-in Forest Area a sawi kha hrilhfiahna dik lo (mis-interpreted) a ni a, recorded forest lands, private forest lands, plantations, etc., thlengin an huamtir vek a ni. Hemi vang hian FCAA 2023 hmangin Forest area chin, Forest Clearance dil ngaihna hmun bik chu chiang takin an lo thliar fel ta zawk ti ila a sual awm lo e. 

FCAA 2023 hi India ram pum hmasawnna hnathawh chungchanga forest clearance vanga buaina tamtak chinfelna tur atan dan siamthar pawh a tih theih awm e. Section 1A (1) of FCAA 2023-ah khan Godavarman Case-a Forest definition leh interpretation kha Parliament Dan siam hmangin an nuai bo ta tih kan hrethiam bawk awm e.

FCAA 2023 dan hnuaiah hi chuan Forest area bik tichiang turin Expert Committee ten Forest area tihchianna Consolidated Record an neih a ngai tawh a. Godaverman case-in forest area a hrilhfiah anga ram hring zawng zawng hmunah Forest Clearance lak a ngai tia inhnialna tamtak kha chinfel tumin felfai taka lo recorded forest area thliarfel a tum zawk tihna a ni. Rules 16 of Forest (Conservation) Amendment Rules, 2023-ah hian kan Recorded Forest area neih te chinfel hun bituk siam a ni a, kan sawrkar pawhin kan Notified Reserved Forest te, Deemed Forest te leh recorded forest area zawng zawng te felfai taka chhinchhiaha consolidated record siam turin Expert Committee a din a ngai ni. 

Rules 16 of Forest (Conservation) Amendment Rules, 2023 in a phût ang leh Supreme Court WPC No. 202 of 1995 leh Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1164 of 2023 (Ashok Kumar Sharma, IFS (Retd) & Ors. V. Union of India & Ors.) in a phût angin Mizoram sawrkar pawh hian dated 19th March, 2025 khan Expert Committee hi a din ve tawh nghe nghe a ni. Nakinah lawkah chuan kan ram chhunga Forest area record mumal leh felfai tak kan nei thuai turah ngai ila, forest area consolidated record kan neih tawh chuan forest clearance dilna hmun tur bik area chungchanga inhnialna tamtak awm thin hi a kiam tawh ngeiin a rinawm.

Forest area vanga kan buaina a tawp thei lo..

Mizoramah hian Notified Reserved Forest engemawzat kan nei a, mahse mumal taka a boun­dary tihchianna te, fencing hmanga humhalh te a awm ngai loh vangin forest area nêksawrna (encroachment) hi a nasa hle a. Kum 50 chhung khan kan lo ngaihthah thin hle a, hei hian nghawng tha lo tak a hring chho ta zel a, tunah chuan buaina chinfel theih tawh lo kan hmachhawn chho ta a ni. 

A bikin Inner Line Reserved Forest (ILRF), Riverine Reserved Forest (RRF) leh Tut - Langkaih Protected Council Reserved Forest area chhung bikah phei chuan encroachment hi a nasa zual a, mipui tamtak kan inbengbel piah lamah huan lo ram nghet kan nei thup tawh a. He’ng kan mipui inbengbel nghet tawh te hi engti kawng zawng maha hnawhchhuah theih an ni tawh lo tih te pawh hi kan hrethiam vek awm e.

National Green Tribunal, Eastern Zone Bench, Kolkata-in, Center for Environment Protection (CEP) -vs- Union of India, OA 68 of 2019-a intemrim order a chhuah bawhzui in Mizoram Forest Department chuan hma la in, dated 02/03/2021 thlenga Reserved Forest area huamchhunga Revenue Department leh VC te ram pekchhuah zat a record a. PCCF Office-in a record zat chu 5303 niin, forest encroachment area chu 10737.3867 hectare area a ni. Hetah hian RRF huam­chhunga ram pekchhuah hi a tam lawrlak a ni. 

Dan ang takin Forest Conservation Act hi kengkawh dawn ta ila, Forest area chhunga kum 50 chuang fe Mizo mipui lo inbengbel tawh te hi hnawhchhuah (evicted) an ngai dawn tihna a ni. Mahse hei hi a taka hlenchhuah theih a ni tawh lo tih hriain dan hnuaia an mahni venghim tu tur ‘The Sheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006’ chu tuna ZPM Ministry hian a lo adopted tawh bawk a ni. Ngaihtuahna tak tak sêng lo leh thil nihna diktak zirchiang lo ten theihtawpin han bei thin mahse ngunthlûk taka ngaihtuah leh zirchiang chunga hmalakna a nih vangin rah tha chhuah zel turin beisei phawt ila. 

FCAA 2023 adopted vangin kan ram kan hralh em?

FCCA, 2023 kan adopt ta hi mi thenkhat chuan kan ram hralh ang ziazangah an han puh a. Ram hralh ni ta se State dang tam zawk hian he dan hi an adopted vek si a, an ram/state an hralh tihna a ni ang. State tamtak te pawh hi international boundary-a awm an ni thup hlawm. Ram hralh tia kan inpuh dawn chuan India ram state tam zawk hian an ram an hralh ve tihna a ni ang.

Ram venhimna tur National Security atan te, National importance atan te Central Sawrkar-in hmanhmawh thlak bik atan a mipui te venghim tura hmalak a ngaih chang a awm thin. Hetiang hunah hian project hmanhmawh kalpui a ngaih châng a awm thin a, dan hnuaia ngaihhnathiamna (exemption) a awm loh chuan Forest Clearance vangin an khawtlai duai thin. Hei vang hian FCAA 2023 hnuaiah hian national security leh importance atan exemption pawh siam an ni. 

National Security atan ni lo, development project dangah chuan Forest Clearance hi ngaih­ 

hnathiamna a awm chuang lo a, project implement-na turah forest clearance hi dil ngei ngei a ngai tih hi kan hriat tlan a tha awm e. FCAA 2023 kan adopt vang hian kan ram hralhna lam a kawk lo a, India rama awm kan nih vangin India Parliament dan siam kan adopted belh leh tihna a ni mai e. 

Kan mamawh êm êm dan hi kan lo hnawl zawk em?

Kan sawi tawh angin kan ramah Project lian tak tak a lo lut chho zel a, tun huna mi kher lo project thar pawh a lo awm chho zel ang. He’ng project lo kal te hi lo pawngpaw dodal ngawr ngawr hi kan ram Dan siam chhan a ni lo a. Hmasawnna tlo leh nghet, sustainable development kan neih theihna turin Forest Conservation Act, Environment Protection Act, etc., te hi siam a ni a, hmasawnna lo kal tur lo danna atana siam a ni lo tih hi kan hriat tlan atan a tha awm e.

Tunah pawh MNF hun laia Official Resolution meuha kan lo hnawl tawh Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 hi a tak tak ramah chuan kan lo mamawh zawk zia kan hriat chian em vang­in hnawl hming pu chung si khan a lang lo lamah Forest Clearance phûtna atan leh pekchhuakna atan kan mamawh tlat vangin ngawi rengin kan hmang char char tho a. Hei vang hian kan rama project lian thenkhat, pamtul mai tura kan ngaih te pawh kan chingfel leh thei hram zawk a ni.  

Tuna kan hun tawn mekah hian FCAA 2023 dodaltu te hian eng nge an dodalna chhan ber hi hriat thiam a har a, Chepa awkna laileng an sawi ang deuhin Forest Clearance pekchhuahna atan hmanraw awmchhun Dan hi hmang duh reng chung siin chil an chhak khum ti ila kan sawisual awm lo ve. FCAA 2023 hi lo hnawl ta ila, eng dan hnuaiah nge Forest Clearance te hi kan demand ang a, eng dan hnuaiah nge kan ram­ngaw tihchhiatte hi hremna liantham kan pek ang tih te hi dodal tu te hian rawtna te lo puangchhuak thei se a lawmawm hle ang. Nge ni rawtna pawh awm lo a sawisel ngawr ngawr hi kan thiam tawk em ni zawk? 

Dan dang hnuaiah Forest Clearance dilna leh pekchhuah theihna provision a awm miau loh vangin kan ramngaw te venhimna tura kan mamawh ber Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023 adopt mai hi kan tihmakmawh niin a lang ta zawk a. Hnam naupang kan nih vang hian kei mahni tana tha tur leh min effect thei tur thil pawh zirchiang hmasa loa mi kam tam deuh te kamchhuak vanga phûl hlut ching kan nihna te hi bansan a hun ta hle.

Ramngaw humhalh hi India Sawrkar laipui pawhin a ngaih pawimawh ber a ni. Supreme Court, National Green Tribunal leh High Court hrang hrang te hian kan ramngaw humhalhna dan bawhchhiatna hi an ngai serious hle tih hi an thuthlukna atang hian kan hmu thei vek awm e. Hetih rual hian India ram Development kalpuina tur leh india ram venhimna turin kawng tamtak Central sawrkar hian hma a lak a ngai si a ni. 

FCAA, 2023 in a tha zawng leh a chhe zawnga a nghawng theih dan zawng zawng hi India ram hruaitu te hian an ngaihtuah hmaih hauh lo ang tih hi ring ngam bawk ila. Ram mipuite chhiat­na tur leh tawrhna tura Dan an siam hi a rinawm loh a, an duh an mâkin thil tul lo thleng thlengin kan ram zîmte hi an lo tichhe buan buan dawn lo tih te pawh hi mi pángngai tan chuan a hriatthiam theih vek awm e. 

Engpawhni se, India rama ramngaw humhalhna dan khauh ber, Forest Clearance pekchhuah theihna awm chhun hi kan hun tawn mekah pawh chawp leh chilha kan mamawh leh hman mek a ni a. Kan mamawh vang leh kan hman mek vanga Dan anga hnawl tura MNF ministry-in action pawh a lak ngam loh lai leh Gazette-a publish pawh a ngam loh lai hian, Farisai thinlung pu loa langtlang tak leh huaisen taka FCAA 2023 adopt mai hi kan tihtur diktak chu a ni zawk e.